Wuhou Shrine (Wuhou Memorial Hall) – Enshrining the Legendary Zhuge Liang

Wuhou Shrine, also known as the Wuhou Memorial Temple, is a historical site located in Chengdu, China. It is dedicated to commemorating the legendary figures of the Three Kingdoms period, particularly Emperor Liu Bei of the Shu Han dynasty and his loyal chancellor Zhuge Liang, along with other heroes of the era. As the only shrine in China that honors both a sovereign and his ministers, it holds the esteemed title of “Holy Land of the Three Kingdoms.”

The shrine is architecturally significant, oriented north to south, with a series of buildings, including the Liu Bei Hall and Zhuge Liang Hall, meticulously arranged along a central axis. The layout is both rigorous and solemn, creating a sense of grandeur that reflects its historical importance. The site is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and beautifully landscaped gardens, which together make it the most influential Three Kingdoms relic in China.

Originally, Wuhou Shrine served as both the tomb and memorial hall for Liu Bei. The local people built the shrine adjacent to Liu Bei’s tomb to honor Zhuge Liang after his death. During the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang’s son, Zhu Chen, noticed that the shrine dedicated to Zhuge Liang was receiving less worship than the Wuhou Shrine. To preserve the dignity of the emperor, he ordered the demolition of the original Wuhou Shrine and rebuilt it, merging it with the “Han Zhao Lie Temple,” thus establishing a unified structure that commemorates both the emperor and his chancellor.

Travel Information about Wuhou Shrine

Ticket and Opening Hours

Ticket Price: 50 RMB

Opening Hours:

• Cultural Area: 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM (June to October, extended to 8:00 PM on Fridays and Saturdays)
• Western Area: 9:00 AM – 8:00 PM

Best Time to Visit

Wuhou Shrine is an excellent destination to visit year-round, with February being the ideal month. During the Chinese New Year, the shrine hosts a grand temple fair, featuring over 3,000 lanterns and 12 large-scale cultural displays themed around the Three Kingdoms. This festive event illuminates the night sky of Chengdu, blending delicious food, stunning scenery, and various entertainment activities that create a vibrant celebratory atmosphere.

Getting to the Site

Location: 231 Wuhouci Street, Wuhou District, Chengdu.

Public Transport: Take Metro Line 3 or Line 5 to Gaoshengqiao Station, then walk approximately 10 minutes to reach the shrine.

Attraction Ratings

• Cultural Experience: ★★★★
• Leisure: ★★★★
• Unique Features: ★★★
• Scenic Beauty: ★★
• Romance: ★★
• Adventure: ★

Highlights of Wuhou Shrine

Sanjue Stele (Three Absolutes Stele)

As you enter Wuhou Shrine, you will find the Sanjue Stele standing majestically amidst the lush greenery. This remarkable stone monument features six steles, with the largest one being the “Stele of Zhuge Liang, the Chancellor of Shu Han”, dating back to the Tang Dynasty. The Sanjue Stele is renowned for its literary and artistic significance.

Commissioned by the famous Tang Dynasty statesman Pei Du, the inscription was crafted by the skilled calligrapher Liu Gongchuo and engraved by the master craftsman Lu Jian. The stele’s inscription particularly praises Zhuge Liang’s thoughts on the rule of law, with eloquent phrases and a fluid writing style that captivates readers, making it a pleasure to read repeatedly.

Adjacent to the Sanjue Stele are stone carvings of “The Memorial on Expedition” written in cursive script by the legendary general Yue Fei. Facing it is a Ming Dynasty stele, erected in the 26th year of the Jiajing era (1547). This Ming stele, inscribed by Zhang Shizhe, the Governor of Sichuan, primarily chronicles the historical evolution of Wuhou Shrine.

Liu Bei Hall

As you stroll past the stele corridor and through the colonnade featuring statues of notable figures such as Pang Tong, Jian Yong, Zhao Yun, and Huang Zhong, you will arrive at the Liu Bei Hall.

The Liu Bei Hall is a single-eave, hip-roofed structure and is the tallest and most magnificent building within Wuhou Shrine. At the heart of the hall stands a majestic gilded clay statue of Liu Bei, the emperor of Shu Han, towering at 3 meters. The statue captures Liu Bei’s gentle yet authoritative demeanor, radiating both kindness and solemnity.

To the left of the statue is a representation of Liu Bei’s grandson, Liu Shan. In the eastern side hall, you will find statues of legendary figures such as Guan Yu, Zhou Cang, and Guan Ping, while the western side hall features statues of Zhang Fei and his son Zhang Bao.

Behind the main hall, a corridor displays 14 statues of prominent civil and military officials from the Shu Han dynasty. Each statue is accompanied by a small stone tablet inscribed with a brief biography of the honored figure, detailing their contributions and achievements.

Secrets of Liu Bei Hall:

The Liu Bei Hall holds several intriguing details about the statues housed within it.

• Firstly, the statue of Zhang Fei is depicted wearing the attire of a civil official. This choice reflects the cultural emphasis on literature over military prowess during the construction of the shrine, which is why even a legendary warrior like Zhang Fei is portrayed in scholarly robes.
• Secondly, the statue of Guan Yu in the hall represents him as an emperor. In popular folklore, Guan Yu was honored with royal titles during the Yuan Dynasty, elevated to emperor status in the Ming Dynasty, and later deified in the Qing Dynasty. When the Wuhou Shrine underwent renovations in the Ming Dynasty, his statue was crafted to reflect this imperial image.
• Lastly, the statue of Zhou Cang is noteworthy as he is the only fictional character represented in the Wuhou Shrine. He originates from the classic novel “Romance of the Three Kingdoms” and does not appear in historical records, highlighting the blending of history and legend within the shrine.

Zhuge Liang Hall

Located behind Liu Bei Hall, Zhuge Liang Hall is intentionally built lower in height, symbolizing the ancient relationship between ruler and subject. The hall features a plaque inscribed with the phrase “名垂宇宙 Fame Resounding Through the Universe,” flanked by a couplet written by the Qing scholar Zhao Fan, which reads:

“能攻心 则反侧自消，自古知兵非好战；不审势即宽严皆误， 后来治蜀要深思”

“To conquer the heart is to eliminate discord; since ancient times, those who know military affairs do not seek war;
If one does not understand the situation, then leniency and severity are both errors; later governance of Shu requires deep reflection.”

At the center of the main hall, a gilded statue of Zhuge Liang stands, created in the 11th year of the Kangxi era (1672). He is depicted wearing a silk cap and holding a goose-feather fan, draped in a golden robe. His contemplative gaze and benevolent expression convey his deep concern for the state and its people, showcasing the wisdom and character of this revered statesman.

In front of the statue are three copper drums, famously known as the “Zhuge Drums,” which are said to have been crafted during Zhuge Liang’s southern campaigns. Surrounding the main statue are representations of Zhuge Liang’s descendants, further honoring his legacy and impact on the history of the Shu Han dynasty.

Du Fu’s Poem: “The Prime Minister of Shu”:

In the spring of the first year of Emperor Suzong’s reign (760 AD), the displaced poet Du Fu arrived in Chengdu, where he settled by the Huanhua Stream with the help of friends. Chengdu was the former capital of the Shu Han dynasty, and at that time, the Wuhou Shrine was merely a temple dedicated to Zhuge Liang.

After visiting the shrine, Du Fu was inspired to compose this moving and timeless poem, expressing his admiration for Zhuge Liang’s extraordinary talent and unwavering loyalty to his country. He lamented Zhuge Liang’s untimely death before achieving victory in his military campaigns, capturing the deep sorrow felt by heroes who mourned the loss of such a great figure.

Liu Bei’s Tomb

Located to the west of Zhuge Liang Hall, Liu Bei’s Tomb, historically known as Huiling, is the only surviving imperial tomb from the Three Kingdoms period. Legend has it that the tomb site was personally selected by Zhuge Liang to honor Liu Bei, the founder of the Shu Han dynasty.

The tomb mound rises 12 meters high and has a circumference of 180 meters, surrounded by a circular wall. In front of the tomb, visitors will find a ceremonial wall, a fenced gate, a spirit path, and a sleeping hall, all contributing to the tomb’s majestic aura. An inscription stone stands at the site, engraved with the words “汉昭烈皇帝之陵 The Tomb of Emperor Zhaolie of Han,” signifying Liu Bei’s imperial status. Within the tomb, Liu Bei is interred alongside his two wives, Lady Gan and Lady Wu, reflecting his deep familial bonds.

The Mystery of Liu Bei’s Burial Site:

Historical records indicate that after Liu Bei’s defeat against Wu, he retreated to Baidi City, where he passed away in April 223 AD. Zhuge Liang assisted in returning his remains to Chengdu in May, and the burial took place in August. However, the exact location of Liu Bei’s final resting place remains a subject of debate, with three primary theories:

1. Wuhou Shrine Burial Theory: The first theory posits that Liu Bei was buried within the Wuhou Shrine in Chengdu. This claim is supported by historical texts, notably Chen Shou’s “Records of the Three Kingdoms”.
2. Lianhua Dam Theory: The second theory suggests that Liu Bei’s tomb is located at Lianhua Dam in Pengshan, Sichuan. According to this view, the Wuhou Shrine serves merely as Liu Bei’s “clothing tomb,” a symbolic burial site.
3. Fengjie Burial Theory: The third theory asserts that Liu Bei was interred in Fengjie. This perspective is reinforced by the writings of Ren Yuan, a scholar from the Southern Song dynasty, in his work “Memorial on the Reconstruction of the Former Lord Temple,” where he mentions that Chengdu’s Huiling is merely a “sword and bow tomb” rather than the true burial site.

Jinli Ancient Street

Just west of the Wuhou Shrine, Jinli Ancient Street invites you to step away from history and immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere of local life. This charming street offers a delightful blend of delicious street food, cozy cafés, and a romantic ambiance, making it a perfect destination for all visitors.

As one of the oldest and most commercially vibrant streets in the western region of Shu, Jinli has a rich history that dates back to the Qin and Han dynasties and was renowned during the Three Kingdoms period. Today, it stands as one of Chengdu’s most famous streets, stretching 550 meters in length and showcasing a unique architectural style that blends the essence of ancient dynasties with the elegance of the Ming and Qing eras.

Walking through Jinli, you can explore shops offering local handicrafts and souvenirs that reflect the region’s rich culture. The street is filled with a variety of restaurants and bars serving authentic Sichuan cuisine, allowing you to indulge in the unique flavors of the region. The lively atmosphere is complemented by performances and activities that highlight Sichuan’s vibrant cultural scene.

Related Details:

• Every year during the Spring Festival, Jinli Ancient Street comes alive with a grand temple fair, attracting throngs of visitors eager to experience its vibrant atmosphere. The street buzzes with activity, featuring performances of Sichuan opera, traditional folk artists, and other exciting events that celebrate the local culture.
• Near the entrance of the ancient street, a small square serves as the heart of the area, directly facing the central stage. Here, you can regularly enjoy classic Sichuan opera performances and shadow plays. During shows, spectators can gather in the square to watch, while those who wish to explore the street can easily pass by without disruption, allowing both groups to enjoy their activities harmoniously.
• Along both sides of the ancient street, a variety of unique stalls showcase an array of local crafts and performances. Folk artists engage in fascinating demonstrations, including sugar painting, clay figure making, gourd painting, paper-cutting, shadow play, peep shows, and even rice grain engraving.
• Jinli Ancient Street is also a treasure trove for those looking to bring home a taste of Chengdu. Visitors can find all kinds of local specialties, with popular items including Zhang Fei beef, tangma cake, Emei Mountain Mao Feng tea, Mengding tea, and Fengwei crisp pastry. This vibrant street not only offers a glimpse into Chengdu’s rich heritage but also provides a delightful culinary journey, making it an essential stop for anyone visiting the city.

Popular Restaurants near Wuhou Shrine

Daimiao Hotpot (Jinli Branch) (大妙火锅锦里店), located at 231 Wuhou Shrine Street, Jinli Phase II, offers a mid-to-high-end hotpot experience. The restaurant features an elegant environment that blends traditional aesthetics with modern flair. The menu is uniquely presented on bamboo slips, and guests can enjoy a Yuan Yang Hotpot with spicy red broth and a mild white broth, accompanied by a variety of fresh ingredients. In the evening, the restaurant hosts performances, providing a feast for both the taste buds and the eyes.

Sangu Garden (三顾园), also at 231 Wuhou Shrine Street, is themed around the Three Kingdoms, with each dish named after a famous historical story, such as Cao Chuan Jiao Jian (草船借箭) and Huo Shao Chi Bi (火烧赤壁). Dining here offers not just a meal but a cultural experience.

Lotus Residence Music Restaurant and Bar (莲花府邸音乐餐酒吧), located at 231 Wuhou Shrine Street, Jinli Lane 12, is a uniquely styled bar with both outdoor and indoor seating. The outdoor courtyard exudes a charming ambiance, featuring rockeries and lotus ponds, making it a perfect spot for daytime tea and conversation, often accompanied by guzheng performances. In contrast, the indoor area has an artistic vibe, with vibrant lights and lively music, often featuring heartfelt performances by singers.

Qin Shan Zhai (钦善斋), found at 247 Wuhou Shrine Street, boasts a classic atmosphere with pavilions, rockeries, and fish ponds. The menu focuses on medicinal cuisine, with each dish clearly marked with its health benefits. The flavorful broth is both nourishing and delicious, and complimentary tea is infused with various herbs to aid digestion.

Lastly, Feng Ji Lao Ma Tu Tou (冯记老妈兔头), located at 246 Wuhou Shrine Street, offers a variety of flavorful dishes, with rabbit head being a standout specialty. This bustling eatery is known for its delicious offerings and lively atmosphere, making it a must-visit for food enthusiasts.